官话方言的类型特征变异:从计量方法观察区域特征
Typological variation across Mandarin dialects: An areal perspective with a quantitative approach
Pui Yiu Szeto, Umberto Ansaldo, Stephen Matthews
Published Online: 2018-08-16 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0009
Linguistic Typology,2018,Volume 22, Issue 2
Abstract:This study explores the range and diversity of the typological features of Mandarin, the largest dialect group within the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Feeding the typological data of 42 Sinitic varieties into the phylogenetic program NeighborNet, we obtained network diagrams suggesting a north-south divide in the Mandarin dialect group, where dialects within the Amdo Sprachbund cluster at one end and those in the Far Southern area cluster at the other end, highlighting the impact of language contact on the typological profiles of various Mandarin dialects.
采用包括音系、形态句法、语义、语法化模式等方面的21个类型学特征,将42种汉语方言变体(其中官话方言26种,非官话方言16种)的类型特征矩阵输入系统发生学软件SplitsTree,生成汉语方言的类型网络图(NeighborNet 模式),显示出汉语方言南、北分化的总体趋势,并能显著看到不同官话方言中语言接触对类型特征的影响。
研究的具体结论包括:汉语方言中差别最大的是安多语言联盟(Amdo Sprachbund,如临夏、西宁的汉语方言)与最南方的汉语方言(如粤语、平话等);汉语方言的南北分界与地理上的秦岭淮河一线很接近;晋方言虽非官话,但其类型特征却与北方官话相同;北方方言之间的平均差异(13.9%)远小于南方方言之间的差异(34.5%);不同地区的官话方言,由于接触的作用发生了很多变化,类型特征很不相同,并且远不是同质的。
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Typological variation across Mandarin dialects An areal perspective with a quantitative approach